Gauss Labs
A Division of Daboo Designs LLC
PEMF Device & Accessory Analysis
Report Status: Final

Purpose

This is the independent analysis of the 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B paired with the 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm. The numbers come from direct measurements taken on calibrated lab instruments. What follows is what the pairing actually produces in a controlled environment, not what the data sheet claims.

Report Generated
July 12, 2026
Report ID
T2606181131
Test Engineer
David
Test Date
June 17, 2026
Customer
Gauss Labs - A Division of Daboo Designs LLC
Device
2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B
Device #
D2604141549
Device Serial #
358902
Accessory
7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm
Accessory #
A2604182225
App Version
3.9.8
Gauss Labs - A Division of Daboo Designs LLC D2604141549 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B

Gauss Labs certifies the 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B. Its measured performance meets the Gauss Labs standard, verified directly from the system with laboratory-grade instruments. The number on the badge can be checked at any time in the public certification registry.

Gauss Labs - A Division of Daboo Designs LLC A2604182225 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm

Gauss Labs certifies the 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm. Its measured performance meets the Gauss Labs standard, verified directly from the system with laboratory-grade instruments. The number on the badge can be checked at any time in the public certification registry.

This device/accessory was purchased by Gauss Labs for internal testing and use.

Executive Summary

The 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B paired with the 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm accessory was tested at each of its 9 settings. The three cards below show the most important metrics: peak field strength, effective field diameter, and operating frequency. Secondary metrics and detail for each device setting follow in the rest of the report.

Peak Field Strength
Peak Field Strength
Peak field strength is how strong the magnetic field gets at its highest point, measured in Gauss (G). Think of it like the volume on a stereo: turning it up makes the music louder and the beat hits harder. Higher peaks carry more energy per pulse and keep the field above a usable level farther from the surface. At these low frequencies the body barely absorbs the field, so a stronger peak means greater reach, not deeper penetration. Each bar shows one setting; the tallest is the strongest.
Effective Field Diameter
Effective Field Diameter
Effective Field Diameter is how wide the useful field is, the span where the field stays above 10% of its peak strength. It shows how much of the target area a single placement covers. The filled circle is the effective field; the dashed ring is the accessory housing, and the field often reaches past it, so a larger diameter means a wider working area from the same coil.
Operating Frequency
Operating Frequency
Operating frequency is how many pulses the device fires each second, measured in Hertz (Hz). The band names here (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma) come from EEG naming and mark where each setting's frequency falls. They label the pulse rate, they do not promise a specific effect in the body. Each dot is one setting, placed in its band.

The 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B paired with the 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm was tested across multiple settings, using calibrated lab instruments instead of manufacturer-provided figures. The pairing matters: the same accessory on different devices, or different accessories on the same device, can produce measurably different results.

  • Peak field strength ranges from 4.13 kG at the lowest setting to 8.67 kG at the highest. Gauss Labs groups this device in the higher-intensity range, which the lab sets at peaks above about 1,000 Gauss. Stronger peaks carry the field farther from the surface, giving clinicians reach and intensity options to match different session goals.
  • Operating frequency spans 0.4 Hz to 1.8 Hz across the Delta band. A wide frequency range gives clinicians and users more settings to choose from on a single device.

Certification

The 2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B paired with 7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm is certified by Gauss Labs. The certification confirms that the measured performance meets the Gauss Labs standard, verified directly from the system with laboratory-grade instruments. One criterion carries a Conditional Pass; the note beneath the checklist explains the alternate reading behind it.

Functional pulse edge: Not evaluated
This point was not evaluated; the test did not include the measurements it needs.
Deliberate frequency: Pass
The device runs at a deliberate therapeutic frequency, clear of power-line interference.
Recognized band: Pass
The operating frequency sits within a recognized therapeutic band.
Peak field strength: Pass
The accessory delivers a therapeutic field strength to the body.
Clean waveform: Not evaluated
This point was not evaluated; the test did not include the measurements it needs.
Measured versus documented: Conditional Pass
This criterion passed on an alternate reading. The Conditional Pass note beneath this checklist explains what happened.
Field symmetry: Pass
The field reaches the body evenly in every direction around the accessory.
Conditional Pass: Measured versus documented

The standard test measured 1.76 Hz for setting 1 frequency against the documented 1.19 Hz, a gap of 47.9%, outside the 30% tolerance. While the frequency at the Setting 1 mark measured 1.76Hz. As the device is turned up, the frequency decreases and can be set to 1.19Hz. The alternate frequency reading of 1.19 Hz brings the gap to 29.0%, within the 30% tolerance.

This criterion passes on the alternate reading. The standard test result is retained in this report alongside it.

Each certified device and accessory carries its own number on the certificate. A certification can be verified at any time through the Gauss Labs certification registry. These certifications can be viewed and shared at https://gausslabs.tech/client-certifications/bob-becker-magnetic-pulser/.

Field Coverage & Timing

The three cards below characterize the field shape and reach for the pairing as a whole. Together they describe how much total energy the accessory delivers, how concentrated the field is, and how evenly the field distributes across the scan axes.

Total Effective Flux
Total Effective Flux
Total effective flux is the total magnetic energy delivered to the body during a single pulse, measured in milliweber (mWb). Think of water flow through a shower head versus a faucet: a shower fans the flow across a wide area; a faucet delivers it as a focused stream. Higher flux means stronger field, larger area, or both, which translates to greater coverage.
Concentration Score
Concentration Score
Concentration score is how tightly the field focuses on the target area, measured as a percentage of total field energy that lands inside the high-intensity zone. Think of it like a spotlight: a tight beam concentrates more energy in a small area; a wide beam spreads it out. Higher concentration delivers more energy to the target area; lower values give broader, gentler coverage.
Field Symmetry
Field Symmetry
Field symmetry is how evenly the field reaches the body in every direction around the coil, measured as a percentage. Think of it like a balanced toy top: a balanced top spins smoothly on its axis; an unbalanced one wobbles. Higher symmetry means the field strength stays consistent in every direction; lower symmetry favors certain sides.

Together these three metrics describe the field the accessory produces at its surface. Each one measures a different property of that field: total energy, focus, and evenness across the scan axes.

  • Total effective flux, the total magnetic energy delivered to the body per pulse, measures 9.542 mWb at the strongest setting. Higher flux means stronger field, larger area, or both.
  • Concentration score measures 90.4%. Higher concentration delivers more energy to the target area; lower values give broader, gentler coverage.
  • Field symmetry measures 94.6%. Higher symmetry means the field strength on the four measured radial axes is nearly identical at every distance from center.

Field Strength Comparison overlays each setting's field strength as it falls off from the center of the accessory. Rise/Fall Time shows how long each pulse takes to turn on and how long it takes to turn off.

Field Strength Comparison

Field Strength Comparison

The Field Strength Comparison shows each setting's field strength from the center, horizontally measured moving outward. The chart's peaks represent the measurements taken from the points with the highest gauss readings.

Together these two views show the device's field strength and pulse timing for each setting tested.

  • Field Strength Comparison overlays each setting's field profile along the surface. Peaks range from 4.13 kG to 8.67 kG. The overlay shows the Gauss output measured horizontally outward along the accessory.

Per-Setting Metrics

This section looks at each device setting on its own. Every setting gets its own charts and a table of measured values, the detail behind the summary metrics earlier in the report.

Setting 1 - 1.2 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency1.76 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.17 kG

Setting 2 - 1.25 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency1.67 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.13 kG

Setting 3 - 1.3 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency1.5 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.58 kG

Setting 4 - 1.4 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency1.33 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.85 kG

Setting 5 - 1.6 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency1.32 Hz
Peak Field Strength5.30 kG

Setting 6 - 1.8 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency0.92 Hz
Peak Field Strength6.06 kG

Setting 7 - 2 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency0.71 Hz
Peak Field Strength6.83 kG

Setting 8 - 2.2 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Frequency0.49 Hz
Peak Field Strength8.08 kG

Setting 9 - 2.4 Tesla

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Field Cross-Section (surface)

Side view of the field rising out of the accessory surface. Warm colors mark the strongest field; cool colors mark where it falls off toward the edges. The dashed lines flag where the field has dropped to 75%, 50%, and 10% of peak. The curved arrows are flux lines (see Flux Line in the glossary). The Gauss scale is shared across all settings, so a weaker setting's mound sits visibly lower than the strongest.

Field Heatmap (surface)

Field Heatmap (surface)

Top-down view of the field strength across the accessory surface. Warm colors represent higher Gauss; cool colors represent lower Gauss. The color scale spans this setting's own peak, so the spatial pattern reads clearly even on weaker settings.

Frequency0.4 Hz
Peak Field Strength8.67 kG

Test Setup & Methodology

The test engineer measured each setting on calibrated laboratory instruments, recording the field strength, the waveform, and the supporting electrical readings. Conditions stayed consistent from one setting to the next, so the numbers compare cleanly across the report.

Scan Grid

Scan Grid

The diagram shows the accessory outline and the points along each axis where the test engineer placed the probe. The colored lines mark the four scan axes; the dots along each line are the probe positions.

Device/Accessory Information

Analysis DateJune 17, 2026
Device Under Test2.4 Tesla BBMPulser 5B
Applicator / Accessory7″ Strip Coil 1.0mm
Settings Tested9 settings
Frequency Range0 Hz to 2 Hz

Equipment

Gauss MeterFW Bell 5180
Gauss Meter ProbeFW Bell Axial
LCR MeterFNIRSI LC1020E

Gauss Meter Probe: Gauss Meter Probe

LCR Meter: LCR Meter

Test Parameters

Accessory ShapeDisc (Round)
Measured AxesX-, X+, Y-, Y+
Scan Lines4
Points per Scan Line10
Total Scan Points37
Max Distance from Center9 cm
Point Spacing1 cm

Manufacturing Tolerance

A measured value won't always match the documented specification to the decimal, and that's expected. No two units come off a line exactly alike. Small differences in the parts, and in the wall power feeding the device, add up. In most cases they produce a 10% to 20% difference from that figure, and up to 30% in some. A reading in that range is normal.

The numbers in this report come from the specific unit and accessory the test engineer measured, under the conditions documented above. Another unit of the same model should land in a similar range, not with the exact same measurements.

Measurement Data

Per-setting measurement detail follows. Each setting is presented with the readings sheet data and the spatial scan grid grouped by z-plane.

Setting 1: 1.2 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)1.76 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.17 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm3,080
x- 1 cm3,150
x- 2 cm3,370
x- 3 cm3,760
x- 4 cm4,170
x- 5 cm3,390
x- 6 cm1,720
x- 7 cm260
x- 8 cm880
x- 9 cm740

Setting 2: 1.25 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)1.67 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.13 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm3,200
x- 1 cm3,280
x- 2 cm3,480
x- 3 cm3,860
x- 4 cm4,130
x- 5 cm3,250
x- 6 cm1,620
x- 7 cm164
x- 8 cm930
x- 9 cm820

Setting 3: 1.3 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)1.50 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.58 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm3,470
x- 1 cm3,550
x- 2 cm3,770
x- 3 cm4,141
x- 4 cm4,580
x- 5 cm3,310
x- 6 cm1,800
x- 7 cm260
x- 8 cm1,000
x- 9 cm900

Setting 4: 1.4 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)1.33 Hz
Peak Field Strength4.85 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm3,750
x- 1 cm3,820
x- 2 cm4,040
x- 3 cm4,440
x- 4 cm4,850
x- 5 cm3,580
x- 6 cm2,000
x- 7 cm250
x- 8 cm1,150
x- 9 cm860

Setting 5: 1.6 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)1.32 Hz
Peak Field Strength5.3 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm4,220
x- 1 cm4,310
x- 2 cm4,560
x- 3 cm5,040
x- 4 cm5,300
x- 5 cm3,960
x- 6 cm1,920
x- 7 cm430
x- 8 cm1,350
x- 9 cm1,110

Setting 6: 1.8 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)0.92 Hz
Peak Field Strength6.06 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm4,700
x- 1 cm4,810
x- 2 cm5,090
x- 3 cm5,650
x- 4 cm6,060
x- 5 cm4,790
x- 6 cm2,520
x- 7 cm220
x- 8 cm1,390
x- 9 cm1,120

Setting 7: 2 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)0.71 Hz
Peak Field Strength6.83 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm5,380
x- 1 cm5,500
x- 2 cm5,780
x- 3 cm6,390
x- 4 cm6,830
x- 5 cm5,110
x- 6 cm2,460
x- 7 cm240
x- 8 cm1,640
x- 9 cm1,340

Setting 8: 2.2 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)0.49 Hz
Peak Field Strength8.08 kG
LocationGauss (G)
x- 0 cm6,100
x- 1 cm6,250
x- 2 cm6,640
x- 3 cm7,260
x- 4 cm8,080
x- 5 cm6,300
x- 6 cm3,660
x- 7 cm840
x- 8 cm1,390
x- 9 cm1,470

Setting 9: 2.4 Tesla

Axes: rows below organise the four horizontal scan axes (x-, x+, y-, y+) plus the Center reading.

Frequency (Hz)0.40 Hz
Peak Field Strength8.67 kG
Distance (cm)x-axis - (G)x-axis + (G)y-axis - (G)y-axis + (G)
Center6.62 kG6.62 kG6.62 kG6.62 kG
1 cm6.71 kG6.69 kG6.62 kG6.73 kG
2 cm7.1 kG7.05 kG6.98 kG7.16 kG
3 cm7.87 kG7.79 kG7.54 kG7.88 kG
4 cm8.55 kG8.67 kG8.34 kG8.08 kG
5 cm6.87 kG6.04 kG6.96 kG4.87 kG
6 cm3.71 kG2.08 kG4.06 kG2.11 kG
7 cm380 G440 G1.25 kG1.11 kG
8 cm1.67 kG2.56 kG1.87 kG2.35 kG
9 cm1.42 kG1.97 kG1.61 kG1.56 kG

References

Primary sources behind the measurements and methods in this report.

The full measurement methods and references, including the physics and measurement conventions behind these results, are published at https://gausslabs.tech/references/.

Key Terms

Defined terms used elsewhere in this report.

50% Falloff Distance
The distance from center where the average field strength drops to 50% of its peak value. This boundary defines the edge of the Therapeutic Core zone. A shorter 50% falloff distance indicates a more tightly focused field. A longer distance indicates broader coverage.
Accessory
The applicator component that delivers the electromagnetic field to the body. Some manufacturers call it an attachment. It contains one or more coils or loops, wound conductors that generate a pulsed magnetic field when driven by the control unit. Accessories come in various form factors including pads, rings, wraps, and wands. Each is designed for different anatomical targets. The coil geometry inside the accessory (pancake, donut, loop, stacked) determines the shape, depth, and distribution of the resulting magnetic field.
Accessory Thickness
The physical thickness of the accessory housing in centimeters. It's used to position the probe at a consistent height above the device. For disc accessories, this is the depth from the top surface to the bottom. For loop accessories, it's the cross-section diameter of the tubing that encloses the coil. The thickness sets where the measurement surface sits and anchors the height axis of the 3D Field Volume chart and the standoff convention. Disc reports use the full thickness as the probe offset because the probe rests on the disc top. Loop reports use half the thickness because the probe sits at the tube centerline inside the tubing.
Coil Count
The number of individual coils inside a multi-coil accessory such as a mat or pad. Knowing the count tells you how the device distributes its field across the target area: a 4-coil mat covers a wider zone but each coil contributes a smaller share of the total drive than a single-coil disc would. Each coil's peak location is identified from the field measurements and reported individually, so you can compare output and positioning across all coils in the accessory.
Coil Inductance (L)
The coil's resistance to changes in current flow. It directly determines how fast the magnetic field can rise when power is applied. Higher inductance means slower field buildup but potentially stronger peak field. Measured in Henries (H) or millihenries (mH). Inductance increases with more turns and with ferrite or iron core materials. Combined with resistance, it sets the L/R time constant.
Coil Layout
The arrangement of coils within a multi-coil mat, determined from the measured field pattern. Each coil creates a distinct peak in the field. The positions of those peaks reveal where the coils sit inside the mat. The layout is described as a grid (for example, 3x2 at 100mm pitch) when coils are evenly spaced, or as irregular when they're not. Each coil's position is reported as an offset from the mat center.
Coil Resistance (R)
The electrical resistance of the coil wire. It determines how much heat the coil produces during operation and how much voltage the device needs to reach peak current. Lower resistance means less wasted heat and more efficient energy delivery to the magnetic field. Measured in Ohms (Ω). Resistance decreases with thicker wire (lower AWG number) and increases with temperature.
Coil Type
A classification of the electromagnetic coil inside the accessory based on its measured field distribution. A Pancake Coil produces a center-dominant field with peak strength at the center and rapid falloff outward. A Donut Coil produces a ring-dominant field with peak strength in a ring around the center and a weaker center. A Loop Coil concentrates energy along the wire path. Coil type is detected automatically from the scan data by comparing ring zone field strength to center field strength. For multi-coil mats (rect shape), single-coil-type detection doesn't apply. Instead the report uses Coil Count, Coil Layout, and Coverage Uniformity to describe the mat's collective behavior.
Concentration Score
A percentage measuring how much of the total measured field intensity at the accessory surface is concentrated within the therapeutic core (scan points where Gauss is at or above 50% of peak). It's calculated as the sum of Gauss values at core points divided by the total sum of all measured Gauss values within the coil boundary. This is a surface concentration metric. It measures lateral field distribution across the face of the accessory, not depth penetration. A high score (70%+) indicates the field is tightly focused in a narrow zone, typical of tight pancake coils. Donut and ring coils vary widely (40–70%) depending on how broad the ring zone is. Loop coils vary by turn count and diameter. The formula is geometry-independent, so the same calculation applies to all coil types. Compare scores within the same coil type for meaningful benchmarks.
Coverage Area
The portion of a multi-coil mat surface where the magnetic field exceeds a defined fraction of the peak. Reported in cm² and as a percentage of total mat surface at two thresholds: 50% of peak (the therapeutic core area) and 10% of peak (the practical edge of useful field). Coverage tells you how much of the mat actually delivers meaningful intensity rather than fading between coils.
Coverage Uniformity
How consistent the per-coil peak field is across a multi-coil mat. Reported as the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation divided by mean) of detected coil peaks, expressed as a percent. Lower CV means tighter coil-to-coil consistency. Under 5% is tight uniformity (well-matched coils, consistent drive). 5–15% is moderate. Over 15% is a wide spread that may indicate construction variance or measurement positioning issues. The metric excludes the surface (z=0) center field and uses each coil's local peak as the comparison anchor.
Cross-Section
A view of the magnetic field as if the accessory were sliced vertically down the middle and viewed from the side. The cross-section diagram in our reports shows how field strength varies both horizontally across the surface and vertically as the field rises away from the accessory. Color indicates field strength and field lines show direction and relative intensity.
Donut Coil
A flat coil wound in a ring shape with an open hole through the center. It's fully encased within its housing, so the field is measured along the surface face only. The enclosed design means the field is delivered through the top or bottom face rather than through the center hole. This produces a broader, more even field distribution with stronger output near the outer ring of windings. A donut coil is identified by a peak that sits off-center on a ring (at least 20% of the way out along the scan) and a Ring/Center Ratio of at least 1.15. It carries fewer total windings than a solid pancake of the same diameter, so its peak Gauss at the face is lower and it draws more drive current to reach a given depth. That is the tradeoff for its wider, more even coverage, which suits broad target areas rather than a single focal point.
Duty Cycle (%)
What fraction of each pulse cycle the magnetic field is actually on versus off. For example, a 50% duty cycle means the field is on for half the time and off for half the time. Higher duty cycles deliver more total energy but generate more heat. Expressed as a percentage of the total cycle time.
Effective Field Area
The region of the accessory surface where the magnetic field is strong enough to be useful. It's defined as the area where field strength is at or above 10% of peak. Tissue within this area receives meaningful stimulation. Tissue outside it receives negligible field. The boundary of this area defines the Effective Field Diameter.
Effective Field Diameter
The total width of the area covered by meaningful magnetic field output. Tissue outside this diameter receives very weak field (less than 10% of peak). This tells you how large the target zone is. It's calculated as twice the distance from center where the field drops to 10% of its peak strength. Coil diameter and geometry primarily determine this value. Drive voltage doesn't significantly change it.
Effective Field Radius
The distance from center at which the magnetic field drops to 10% of its peak value. This defines how far from center the field is still meaningful. It's half of the Effective Field Diameter. Tissue beyond this radius receives less than 10% of peak intensity. Primarily determined by coil diameter and geometry, not drive voltage or pulse parameters.
Field Isosurface
A 3D boundary surface that traces every point in space where the magnetic field reaches a chosen strength. The 3D field view stacks several of these surfaces inside one another, each one marking where the field stays at or above a set fraction of the surface peak, with a 5 Gauss shell as the practical outer edge. The outer shells are the largest and show how far the field reaches. The inner shells are smaller and show where the field is strongest, close to the coil. Technically, an isosurface is the set of points where the field magnitude equals the threshold value, and for a rotationally symmetric coil it is the matching side-view line revolved a full turn around the coil's axis.
Field Symmetry
How evenly the magnetic field is distributed across all four measurement axes (x-, x+, y-, y+). A high symmetry score means the field strength is nearly identical in all directions from center. That indicates the coil produces a uniform, balanced output. A low score reveals directional bias where some axes are significantly stronger or weaker than others. The score is calculated by comparing each individual axis reading to the mean of all 4 axes at each distance, weighted by field strength (stronger readings count more). It uses a 15% floor (ignoring weak-field areas below 15% of peak) and a 15% deviation cap. Requires all 4 axes. Score = 100 minus weighted average deviation percentage.
Field Volume
The three-dimensional region around the accessory where the magnetic field strength exceeds a chosen threshold. It's visualized as a dome-shaped solid revolved around the coil's central axis. The report's 3D Field Volume chart per setting shows this dome with the accessory's outer diameter (and loop inner diameter, when applicable) drawn as reference rings on the base. This lets you compare the field's reach directly to the physical coil footprint. The dome's height shows how deep the field penetrates. Its width shows how far it spreads laterally. For loop coils, the on-axis field at the central axis drops below threshold before the field at the winding ring does. This creates a crater in the dome's top, reflecting the donut shape of the field.
Frequency (Hz)
The number of electromagnetic pulses a device delivers each second, measured in Hertz (Hz). Frequency is independent of field strength: a high-frequency signal can still have a low Gauss output, and the reverse. It is one of the main variables that describes how a device operates. PEMF frequencies are often grouped into named ranges borrowed from EEG convention, Delta (0.5 to 4 Hz), Theta (4 to 8 Hz), Alpha (8 to 12 Hz), Beta (12 to 30 Hz), and Gamma (above 30 Hz), which show where a setting's pulse rate falls. Those names label the pulse rate only and do not by themselves indicate a specific effect in the body.
Gauss (G)
The unit of measurement for magnetic flux density. Higher gauss values indicate a stronger magnetic field at that point. kG = kilogauss = 1,000 gauss. 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss. See Tesla (T).
Gauss Meter
A calibrated instrument used to measure magnetic flux density in Gauss or Tesla. In PEMF accessory testing, the Gauss meter is the primary measurement device used to capture field strength at each scan point. Measurements are taken using a Hall effect probe positioned at the specified standoff distance from the coil face. The meter model and probe type are documented in the report for traceability.
Gauss Meter Probe
The sensing element of a Gauss meter, typically a Hall effect transducer mounted on a flat or axial probe tip. The probe is positioned at the measurement standoff distance from the coil face to capture the magnetic flux density at each scan point. Probe type (axial vs transverse), size, and positioning affect measurement accuracy. The probe model is documented in the report for traceability.
Heatmap
A color-coded chart where each color represents a field strength value across the surface of the accessory. Warmer colors (red/orange) indicate higher gauss output. Cooler colors (blue/green) indicate lower field strength. The heatmap provides an immediate visual overview of where the field is strongest and how it's distributed.
Kilogauss (kG)
A unit of magnetic flux density equal to 1,000 Gauss (G). Used when field strength values are high enough that expressing them in Gauss would be unwieldy. In our reports, peak field strength is displayed in kG when it exceeds 1,000 G.
LCR Meter
A test instrument used to measure the electrical properties of a coil, specifically its inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R). These measurements are needed to calculate the L/R time constant, predict pulse behavior, and verify coil quality. The meter model is documented in the report for traceability.
Loop Coil
An open electromagnetic coil designed to be placed around a limb or curved around a body part. The magnetic field passes through from all sides simultaneously. Unlike the enclosed donut coil, a loop is open. Limbs can be passed through it for surrounding coverage of arms, legs, or joints. The field profile is similar to a donut coil with peak strength in the ring zone. The open geometry allows flexible placement. Measurements are taken at 50% of the tubing thickness from the surface.
Microsecond (µs)
A microsecond is one millionth of a second. PEMF pulse timing is measured in microseconds because the events that shape each pulse, how fast the field rises and how fast it falls, happen in a tiny fraction of a second. Rise time, fall time, and pulse width are all reported in microseconds, and slew rate is reported in Gauss per microsecond, so a shorter time in microseconds means a faster, sharper change in the field. One microsecond (µs) equals 0.000001 second, and one thousand microseconds make one millisecond.
Millitesla (mT)
A millitesla is one thousandth of a Tesla, a metric unit of magnetic flux density. It appears in our reports as a familiar companion to Gauss, so the same field strength reads in both units at a glance. Field strength is reported in Gauss with a millitesla value shown alongside it, and stronger fields are shown in Tesla rather than millitesla to keep the number small. One millitesla (mT) equals 10 Gauss, and 1,000 millitesla make one Tesla (T), so 600 Gauss is 60 mT and 15,000 Gauss is 1.5 T.
Pancake Coil
A disc-shaped coil wound in a spiral, often with multiple layers of windings stacked on top of each other. The layered turns reinforce each other, producing a strong, focused magnetic field that projects outward from the face of the coil. Field strength peaks at the center and drops off toward the edges, making it well suited for targeted application to a specific area. The field is delivered by placing the coil face against or near the target tissue. Identified by a peak at or near the center.
Peak Field Strength
The highest field strength an accessory produces, measured in Gauss at its surface. Its exact location is set by the coil geometry, and it is the reference against which percentage falloff is measured.
PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field)
A technology that delivers time-varying electromagnetic pulses to the body at specific frequencies and intensities. Unlike static magnets, PEMF creates dynamic fields that induce microcurrents in tissue according to Faraday's law of induction. These induced currents are proposed to interact with cellular membrane potential, ion transport, and metabolic activity. PEMF is used as a wellness modality, commonly for recovery, circulation, and general wellbeing. Devices range from low-intensity systems for surface and wellness use to high-intensity systems built for deeper reach.
Penetration Depth
How far the coil's field reaches from the accessory before it fades to the reporting edge. The report measures this as the distance from the accessory surface to the furthest point the field stays above 5 Gauss, a measurement reference rather than a biological cutoff. At the low frequencies a PEMF device uses, the body is largely transparent to the magnetic field, so how far the field reaches is set by the coil's geometry and the strength of the pulse, not by the field pushing through a tissue barrier. The 3D field view shows the volume of space the field reaches above the accessory, with the 5 Gauss edge as its outer boundary and inner boundaries marking the strongest zones, each a fraction of the surface peak. The measurement is taken in open air directly above the accessory. A larger coil or a higher peak field keeps the field above a usable level farther from the surface.
Pulse Width (µs)
Duration of one pulse, expressing how long the field stays at significant strength per cycle. Longer pulse widths deliver more cumulative field exposure. Duty cycle is simply pulse width divided by the full period. Measurement depends on the device topology. For monopolar pulses (a single excursion from baseline), it's the time between the 50% amplitude crossings on the leading and trailing edges. For bipolar damped-sine bursts (loop coils driven by capacitor discharge that ring through multiple cycles), it's the full burst-on duration. That's measured from the first sample above 10% of dominant amplitude to the last, so duty cycle reflects burst-on time rather than a single carrier half-cycle.
Ring Frequency
The natural oscillation rate of a coil's circuit after each pulse fires, similar to how a struck bell rings at its own pitch. For bipolar damped-sine devices like large loop coils driven by capacitor discharge, this ringing appears as a fast tone inside each burst. It's separate from the slower pulse repetition rate. Set by the coil's inductance and parasitic capacitance (f equals 1 divided by 2 pi times the square root of L times C). Typically a few kHz for PEMF loop coils. Reported alongside Frequency in per-setting parameter tables when the waveform is a damped sine.
Rise Time
How quickly the magnetic field reaches its peak strength during a pulse. Faster rise time means a sharper pulse edge and stronger tissue stimulation. This is one of the most important pulse characteristics for effectiveness. Measured as the 10%-to-90% transition time of the magnetic field pulse, typically captured with an oscilloscope.
Slew Rate (G/µs)
How rapidly the magnetic field strength changes during a pulse edge. A higher slew rate means a sharper, more abrupt field change. That induces stronger electric fields in tissue. Each pulse has a rising edge and a falling edge, and the slew rate of each is reported separately because many devices ramp up and down at different speeds. Both contribute to cumulative dose (see Total Stimulation Intensity). It is measured across the fast middle of the edge, from the 10% level to the 90% level, as the field change divided by the time between those two points. That is the same way an oscilloscope gauges edge speed. Expressed in Gauss per microsecond (G/µs). The rising-edge slew rate is the same physical quantity as Peak dB/dt, framed as an engineering performance metric rather than a safety threshold.
Tesla (T)
An alternative unit of magnetic flux density. 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss. See Gauss (G). Tesla is commonly used in clinical and scientific literature, so knowing the conversion helps when comparing PEMF devices across different sources. Most PEMF accessories operate in the milliTesla (mT) range.
Tesla per second (T/s)
A unit for how fast a magnetic field changes, used by safety standards to describe slew rate and Peak dB/dt. It captures the speed of the field change, which is what the body responds to, rather than how strong the field gets. Reports show this speed in Gauss per microsecond (G/µs) for engineering and in Tesla per second (T/s) for the regulatory frame the ICNIRP and IEC 60601-2-33 limits use, where 1 G/µs equals 100 T/s.
Therapeutic Core
The zone of the magnetic field where strength is above 50% of the peak value. This is the region of highest therapeutic relevance, where the field is strong enough to deliver meaningful energy to tissue. The Therapeutic Core Flux metric quantifies the total magnetic flux within this zone.
Thermal Load
How much heat the coil continuously produces during operation. This determines whether the accessory needs cooling and affects how long sessions can safely run. Higher thermal load means more energy is wasted as heat instead of becoming magnetic field. Expressed as average power dissipation in milliwatts (mW), calculated from coil resistance and current.
Tolerance
The allowable deviation from a specified nominal value in a component or measurement. In electronics, every resistor, capacitor, and inductor is manufactured within a tolerance range, typically ±10% to ±30%. The actual value may differ from the labeled value by that percentage. In PEMF devices, component tolerances directly affect output field strength, pulse timing, and frequency accuracy. A capacitor rated 100uF ±10% may measure anywhere from 90uF to 110uF, shifting resonant frequency and peak Gauss output accordingly.
Total Effective Flux
The total magnetic flux integrated across the coil area, from center to the coil boundary (or the 10% falloff boundary if the coil diameter isn't specified). Expressed in milliweber (mWb). This is the widest flux zone and represents all magnetic energy delivered within the coil's physical area. In the Flux Distribution chart, this is the top bar. Therapeutic Core Flux and High-Intensity Flux are both subsets of Total Effective Flux.
Total Stimulation Intensity
A cumulative dose metric capturing how much stimulation a PEMF device delivers to tissue each second. It counts both the rising and falling edges of every pulse. The body responds to field change, so each pulse delivers two induction events: one as the field rises and one as it falls. Total Stimulation Intensity adds them up and multiplies by how often the pulse fires. Calculated as (rise slew + fall slew) x frequency, expressed in G/µs·Hz. Higher values mean more cumulative biological stimulus per second. Distinct from Peak dB/dt, the single sharpest moment within one pulse.
Z-Axis
The depth dimension pointing into the body, describing how deep the field reaches. Readings are taken on horizontal planes at set depths along it; z=0 is the coil surface itself, the reference every height value in the report is measured above.