References / Published research
A dynamic field changed cells that a static field did not
Published researchThe report measures the shape and timing of a pulse, not just its peak, because how the field changes over time is part of what the device does.
Where it appears in the report: Waveform Shape and Timing, Slew Rate, Peak dB/dt Analysis
The evidence
A 2003 NASA technical paper by Thomas J. Goodwin applied a pulsed square-wave field at about 10 Hz and 10 to 200 milliGauss, weaker than Earth's own field, to cultured human neuronal cells. Those cells changed in proliferation and gene expression compared with unexposed cells. Goodwin attributed the response to the low-amplitude, time-varying nature of the field, not its strength. This is in-vitro work on isolated cells, published as an internal NASA technical paper rather than a peer-reviewed clinical study, and it measures no wellness or health outcome. We cite it only as context for why the dynamics and shape of a pulsed field are worth measuring.
Primary sources
- Goodwin TJ. Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells. NASA Technical Publication NASA/TP-2003-212054. NASA Johnson Space Center; 2003. view