References / Physics and formulas

The body is transparent to the magnetic field

Established physics
The report describes a device's reach as how far the field stays above a usable level. That reach comes from the coil's size and the strength of the pulse, not from the field pushing through a tissue barrier.
Where it appears in the report: Penetration Depth, Peak Field Strength

The evidence

At the low frequencies a PEMF device uses, skin, muscle, and bone barely absorb or block the magnetic field. The whole practice of non-invasive magnetic stimulation depends on that. Since the field passes through, its reach comes down to the coil's geometry and the strength of the pulse. A higher peak, or a larger coil, keeps the field above a usable level farther from the surface. That's greater reach, not deeper absorption.
Field strength peaks at the coil center and falls off with distanceA symmetric bell-shaped curve with its peak in the middle: the magnetic field is strongest at the coil center and weakens with distance in either direction. Using the on-axis dipole model, the field drops to 50 percent of its peak at about 0.77 coil radii from center and to 10 percent at about 1.93 coil radii.100%50%10%Peak50% at 0.77 R10% at 1.93 R3 R2 R1 Rcenter1 R2 R3 RDistance from center (multiples of coil radius R)Field strength (% of peak)© 2026 Gauss Labs
The field is strongest right at the coil and weakens with distance in every direction. On the on-axis dipole model the report uses, it reaches half its peak strength at about three quarters of a coil radius from center and one tenth at about two radii. A larger coil holds the field up farther out.

Primary sources

  • Barker AT. An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;8(1):26-37. view
  • Hallett M. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Primer. Neuron. 2007;55(2):187-199. view
  • Wagner T, Valero-Cabre A, Pascual-Leone A. Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2007;9:527-565. view