References / Published research
Biological responses can appear only in specific amplitude and frequency windows
Published researchField strength does not act in a simple more-is-better way. Research describes biological windows, where a response appears within specific ranges of amplitude or frequency and not above or below them.
Where it appears in the report: Peak Field Strength framing; why raw strength is reported as a measured value, not a ranking
The evidence
In classic bioelectromagnetics experiments, W. Ross Adey and colleagues found that some cellular responses occur only within specific amplitude and frequency ranges rather than rising steadily with field strength. It is context for why a stronger field is not automatically a more effective one, and it supports reporting field strength as a measured value rather than as a ranking. The underlying mechanism is still not well understood.
Primary sources
- Bawin SM, Adey WR. Sensitivity of calcium binding in cerebral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating at low frequency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1976;73(6):1999-2003. (Landmark demonstration of amplitude and frequency windows.) view
- Markov MS. "Biological Windows": A Tribute to W. Ross Adey. The Environmentalist. 2005;25(2):67-74. doi:10.1007/s10669-005-4268-8. view